Monday, April 13, 2020

Happy Khalsa Da Sajna Divas/Happy Vaisakhi 2020!

Happy Vaisakhi! On Vaisakhi 1699 Guru Gobind Singh Ji called hundreds of thousands of Sikhs to gather at Anandpur Sahib. The crowd was completely silent, fully taking in the words of Guru Ji. After spiritual discourse, Guru Ji addressed the crowd, and then took out his sword and asked for a sacrifice, a head. Suddenly the sangat was scared! Can you imagine what it must have felt like standing amongst the crowd at that time? Bhai Daya Ram Ji bravely approached. Guru Ji went in a tent and came back with his sword, dripping with blood. He asked for another head. Next was Bhai Dharam Das, then Sahib Chand, Himmat Chand, and finally Mokham Chand. Some of the sangat started to disperse in fear, when suddenly Guru Ji came out with all five and performed the Amrit ceremony. These Singhs became our Panj Pyare, the embodiment of the Guru. Then Guru Ji got the 5 to baptize him. The mother of the Khalsa is Mata Sahib Kaur Ji and she added patasay to the Amrit. In baptizing the Sikhs, Guru Ji gave the Khalsa the distinct identity of today- kesh, kanga, kirpan, kachera, kara. This united the Khalsa and because the panj were from different castes and now equal, it also showed that there would be equality and no caste distinction. The identity was important in that no Sikh would be allowed to hide- their identity would stand out as Sikh and therefore they would be responsible for their actions. This would allow others to get help from Sikhs. The Khalsa was important in uniting the Sikhs as saint-soldiers, as warriors in standing up against the oppression and injustices that were being faced. Sikh women were given the middle name Kaur (princess) and males were given the middle name Singh (lion). May we all embody the names Kaur and Singh! 
 
Pictures from Anandpur (2019):
Unfortunately, this is the first Vaisakhi that I can remember where we are unable to gather together as a community. We will not gather as we always do for our colorful, love-filled celebrations with aunties baking in the kitchen, children putting up flowers, and uncles preparing floats. Thinking back perhaps there were other times in history where this was not possible as well, like during times of genocide and war. We will have to be creative in finding other ways to celebrate the birth of the Khalsa.

Sikhi teaches us Naam Japna. We can do simran anywhere at any time, at all times. Sikhi teaches us to work hard, kirat karni. Right now many people are working from home, and some are working on the front lines as police, healthcare workers, grocery-store workers, and truck drivers for example. Some are working hard as parents and trying to teach their children as the schools are shut down. The next pillar of Sikhi is Vand Shakna. To share what we have with others. Right now this really means not hoarding more than you need from the grocery store. It means sharing our time to a cause- the government is regularly looking for covid volunteers. People are volunteering to deliver groceries. It means bringing peace, love and courage to those around you in these tough times. Live by the spirit Chardi KalaFor sarbat da balla, for the benefit of all, we are needing to practice good hand-washing, staying home unless absolutely needing to go out, and social-distancing when we do go out (staying 2 meters from people). As we are fulfilling our responsibility it is also important for us to find ways of connection- whether that is virtual sangat, calling and checking in with your loved ones and friends, and especially taking care of elders. The celebration of the creation of Khalsa is the remembrance of who we are as Sikhs and our resilience. It is a celebration of our personal spiritual path as well, and a time to read those books at home, to research Sikh history, to listen to online kathas. 

I recently read some articles from EcoSikh on facebook. They showed some amazing pictures of animals coming out for the first time in polluted areas of India, clear water, clear skies and views of mountains. Check it out! It reminds us that even in a crisis like this, there are things to be gained, and learned. I hope that this brings about a change on how people see our harmony with nature and the necessity of stopping the ways we were damaging the environment before. I volunteered for years on environmental sustainability initiatives. They taught me a lot about the importance of even minor things we do on the environment. There was quote by Arundhati Roy that talks about the changes that are coming: “Whatever it is, coronavirus has made the mighty kneel and brought the world to a halt like nothing else could. Our minds are still racing back and forth, longing for a return to ‘normality’, trying to stitch our future to our past and refusing to acknowledge the rupture. But the rupture exists. And in the midst of this terrible despair, it offers us a chance to rethink the doomsday machine we have built for ourselves. Nothing could be worse than a return to normality. Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. We can choose to walk through it, dragging the carcasses of our prejudice and hatred, our avarice, our data banks and dead ideas, our dead rivers and smoky skies behind us. Or we can walk through lightly, with little luggage, ready to imagine another world. And ready to fight for it.” Similarly Sonya Renee Taylor says, “We will not go back to normal. Normal never was. Our pre-corona existence was not normal other than we normalized greed, inequity, exhaustion, depletion, extraction, disconnection, confusion, rage, hoarding, hate and lack. We should not long to return, my friends. We are being given the opportunity to stitch a new garment. One that fits all of humanity and nature.” These quotes remind us that we have an opportunity to change the world, and a new opportunity to leave behind what wasn’t working in the world. Maybe after this we will have less mindless wasting- of food, resources, and time. We have a chance to do things differently for ourselves as well. As we celebrate Vaisakhi through this pandemic, try to think about methods in which we can find a new way of living. 

picture reference: https://www.sikhpa.com/campaigns/sikhvaisakhi/ 

12 comments:

  1. “inquiring minds want to know" LOT of Gurbani is Self inquiry or debate(as in Guru Nanak Dev ji's debate with the Sidhas(yogis or jogis).
    Here is another of my favorite Shabads..The Unseen Lord is deep within the self; He cannot be seen; the curtain of "ILLUSION" of Separateness is the problem. It's so disheartening to see that no one has done a good translation as Dr Coleman Barks did to Rumi's poems.
    ੴ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥
    Ik Oankaar Sathigur Prasaadh ||
    One Universal Creator God. By The Grace Of The True Guru:
    ਗਉੜੀ (ਮਃ ੫) ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਅੰਗ ੨੦੪ Page 204 -205
    ਕਿਨ ਬਿਧਿ ਮਿਲੈ ਗੁਸਾਈ ਮੇਰੇ ਰਾਮ ਰਾਇ ॥Kin Bidhh Milai Gusaaee Maerae Raam Raae ||
    How may I meet my Master, the King, the Lord of the Universe?
    ਕੋਈ ਐਸਾ ਸੰਤੁ ਸਹਜ ਸੁਖਦਾਤਾ ਮੋਹਿ ਮਾਰਗੁ ਦੇਇ ਬਤਾਈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
    Koee Aisaa Santh Sehaj Sukhadhaathaa Mohi Maarag Dhaee Bathaaee ||1|| Rehaao ||
    Is there any Saint, who can bestow such celestial peace, and show me the Way to Him? ||1||Pause||
    ਅੰਤਰਿ ਅਲਖੁ ਨ ਜਾਈ ਲਖਿਆ ਵਿਚਿ ਪੜਦਾ ਹਉਮੈ ਪਾਈ ॥Anthar Alakh N Jaaee Lakhiaa Vich Parradhaa Houmai Paaee ||
    The Unseen Lord is deep within the self; He cannot be seen; the curtain of Illusion of separation intervenes.
    ਮਾਇਆ ਮੋਹਿ ਸਭੋ ਜਗੁ ਸੋਇਆ ਇਹੁ ਭਰਮੁ ਕਹਹੁ ਕਿਉ ਜਾਈ ॥੧॥
    Maaeiaa Mohi Sabho Jag Soeiaa Eihu Bharam Kehahu Kio Jaaee ||1||
    The whole World is asleep in the attachment dream, So how can this Illusion of separation break?
    ਏਕਾ ਸੰਗਤਿ ਇਕਤੁ ਗ੍ਰਿਹਿ ਬਸਤੇ ਮਿਲਿ ਬਾਤ ਨ ਕਰਤੇ ਭਾਈ ॥
    Eaekaa Sangath Eikath Grihi Basathae Mil Baath N Karathae Bhaaee ||
    The one lives together with the other in the same house, but they do not talk to one another, O brother
    ਏਕ ਬਸਤੁ ਬਿਨੁ ਪੰਚ ਦੁਹੇਲੇ ਓਹ ਬਸਤੁ ਅਗੋਚਰ ਠਾਈ ॥੨॥Eaek Basath Bin Panch Dhuhaelae Ouh Basath Agochar Thaaee ||2||
    Without the one substance, the five are miserable; that substance is in the unapproachable place. ||2||
    ਜਿਸ ਕਾ ਗ੍ਰਿਹੁ ਤਿਨਿ ਦੀਆ ਤਾਲਾ ਕੁੰਜੀ ਗੁਰ ਸਉਪਾਈ ॥
    Jis Kaa Grihu Thin Dheeaa Thaalaa Kunjee Gur Soupaaee ||
    And the one whose home it is, has locked it up, and given the key to the Guru.
    ਅਨਿਕ ਉਪਾਵ ਕਰੇ ਨਹੀ ਪਾਵੈ ਬਿਨੁ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਸਰਣਾਈ ॥੩॥
    Anik Oupaav Karae Nehee Paavai Bin Sathigur Saranaaee ||3||
    You may make all sorts of efforts, but it cannot be obtained, without the Sanctuary of the True Guru. ||3||
    ਜਿਨ ਕੇ ਬੰਧਨ ਕਾਟੇ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਤਿਨ ਸਾਧਸੰਗਤਿ ਲਿਵ ਲਾਈ ॥
    Jin Kae Bandhhan Kaattae Sathigur Thin Saadhhasangath Liv Laaee ||
    Those whose bonds have been broken by the True Guru, enshrine love for the Saadh Sangat, the Company of the Holy.


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  2. SO Where does the ATTACHMENT comes from? Attachment to family, the world we see and all Wordly comforts. there is attachment in Animals too BUT Humans have many attachments,past, present. hopes for the future -needs and wants. Maya Mammta - Maya and mamta have many meanings. Maya is both money and the world as we know of it. Mamta is mother's attachment to children or human attachment to the world- In the above shabad
    ਮਾਇਆ ਮੋਹਿ ਸਭੋ ਜਗੁ ਸੋਇਆ ਇਹੁ ਭਰਮੁ ਕਹਹੁ ਕਿਉ ਜਾਈ ॥੧॥..If the Soul is engrossed in the world completely oblivious to the other side(what is going on Behind the Curtain - Guru ji asks where does this Maya mamta comes from - GOD put it there to create the Game - Other wise there would not be a game.
    ਮਲਾਰ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ਘਰੁ ੨ Malaar Mehalaa 3 Ghar 2
    Malaar, Third Mehl, Second House:
    ਮਲਾਰ (ਮਃ ੩) ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਅੰਗ ੧੨੬੧ 1261
    ੴ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥Ik Oankaar Sathigur Prasaadh ||
    One Universal Creator God. By The Grace Of The True Guru:
    ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਗਿਰਹੀ ਕਿ ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਉਦਾਸੀ ॥Eihu Man Girehee K Eihu Man Oudhaasee ||
    Is this mind a family man, or is this mind a detached Yogi,unmarried person
    ਕਿ ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਅਵਰਨੁ ਸਦਾ ਅਵਿਨਾਸੀ ॥K Eihu Man Avaran Sadhaa Avinaasee ||
    Is this mind beyond social class, eternal and unchanging?
    ਕਿ ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਚੰਚਲੁ ਕਿ ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਬੈਰਾਗੀ ॥K Eihu Man Chanchal K Eihu Man Bairaagee ||
    Is this mind fickle, or is this mind detached?
    ਇਸੁ ਮਨ ਕਉ ਮਮਤਾ ਕਿਥਹੁ ਲਾਗੀ ॥੧॥Eis Man Ko Mamathaa Kithhahu Laagee ||1||

    How has this mind been gripped by possessiveness?(ਮਮਤਾ)
    ਪੰਡਿਤ ਇਸੁ ਮਨ ਕਾ ਕਰਹੁ ਬੀਚਾਰੁ ॥Panddith Eis Man Kaa Karahu Beechaar ||
    O Pandit, O religious scholar, reflect on this in your mind.
    ਅਵਰੁ ਕਿ ਬਹੁਤਾ ਪੜਹਿ ਉਠਾਵਹਿ ਭਾਰੁ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥Avar K Bahuthaa Parrehi Outhaavehi Bhaar ||1|| Rehaao ||

    Why do you read so many other things, and carry such a heavy load? ||1||Pause||

    ਮਾਇਆ ਮਮਤਾ ਕਰਤੈ ਲਾਈ ॥Maya Mamathaa Karathai Laaee ||

    The Creator has attached the soul(ਮਨ maan) to Maya and possessiveness.

    ਏਹੁ ਹੁਕਮੁ ਕਰਿ ਸ੍ਰਿਸਟਿ ਉਪਾਈ ॥Eaehu Hukam Kar Srisatt Oupaaee ||
    Enforcing His Order, He created the world.

    ਗੁਰ ਪਰਸਾਦੀ ਬੂਝਹੁ ਭਾਈ ॥Gur Parasaadhee Boojhahu Bhaaee ||
    By Guru's Grace, understand this,o brother

    ਸਦਾ ਰਹਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਕੀ ਸਰਣਾਈ ॥੨॥Sadhaa Rehahu Har Kee Saranaaee ||2||
    Remain forever in the Sanctuary of the Lord.
    ਸੋ ਪੰਡਿਤੁ ਜੋ ਤਿਹਾਂ ਗੁਣਾ ਕੀ ਪੰਡ ਉਤਾਰੈ ॥So Panddith Jo Thihaan Gunaa Kee Pandd Outhaarai ||
    He alone is a Pandit, who sheds the load of the three qualities.
    ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਏਕੋ ਨਾਮੁ ਵਖਾਣੈ ॥Anadhin Eaeko Naam Vakhaanai ||
    Night and day, he chants the Name of the One Lord.
    ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਕੀ ਓਹੁ ਦੀਖਿਆ ਲੇਇ ॥Sathigur Kee Ouhu Dheekhiaa Laee ||
    He accepts the Teachings of the True Guru.
    ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਆਗੈ ਸੀਸੁ ਧਰੇਇ ॥Sathigur Aagai Sees Dhharaee ||
    He offers his head to the True Guru
    ਸਦਾ ਅਲਗੁ ਰਹੈ ਨਿਰਬਾਣੁ ॥Sadhaa Alag Rehai Nirabaan ||
    He remains forever unattached, in the state of Nirvaanaa.
    ਸੋ ਪੰਡਿਤੁ ਦਰਗਹ ਪਰਵਾਣੁ ॥੩॥So Panddith Dharageh Paravaan ||3||
    Such a Pandit is accepted in the Court of the Lord. ||3|
    ਸਭਨਾਂ ਮਹਿ ਏਕੋ ਏਕੁ ਵਖਾਣੈ ॥Sabhanaan Mehi Eaeko Eaek Vakhaanai ||
    He sees the One Lord is within all beings.
    ਜਾਂ ਏਕੋ ਵੇਖੈ ਤਾਂ ਏਕੋ ਜਾਣੈ ॥Jaan Eaeko Vaekhai Thaan Eaeko Jaanai ||
    As he sees the One Lord, he knows the One Lord.
    ਜਾ ਕਉ ਬਖਸੇ ਮੇਲੇ ਸੋਇ ॥Jaa Ko Bakhasae Maelae Soe ||
    That person, whom the Lord forgives, is united with Him.
    ਐਥੈ ਓਥੈ ਸਦਾ ਸੁਖੁ ਹੋਇ ॥੪॥Aithhai Outhhai Sadhaa Sukh Hoe ||4||
    He finds eternal peace, here and hereafter. ||4||

    ਕਹਤ ਨਾਨਕੁ ਕਵਨ ਬਿਧਿ ਕਰੇ ਕਿਆ ਕੋਇ ॥Kehath Naanak Kavan Bidhh Karae Kiaa Koe ||
    Says Nanak, what can anyone do?

    ਸੋਈ ਮੁਕਤਿ ਜਾ ਕਉ ਕਿਰਪਾ ਹੋਇ ॥Soee Mukath Jaa Ko Kirapaa Hoe ||
    He alone is liberated, whom the Lord blesses with His Grace.

    ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਣ ਗਾਵੈ ਸੋਇ ॥Anadhin Har Gun Gaavai Soe ||
    Night and day, he sings the Glorious Praises of the Lord.

    ਸਾਸਤ੍ਰ ਬੇਦ ਕੀ ਫਿਰਿ ਕੂਕ ਨ ਹੋਇ ॥੫॥੧॥੧੦॥Saasathr Baedh Kee Fir Kook N Hoe ||5||1||10||
    Then, he no longer bothers with the proclamations of the Shaastras or the Vedas

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  3. God has created the Illusion of Separation to create a game(Maya)
    ONLY in God's grace, merci and compassion can 'we" the jivas break this illusion of separation
    ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ ਮਹਲਾ ੪ ॥Sireeraag Mehalaa 4 ||
    Siree Raag, Fourth Mehl:ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ (ਮਃ ੪) ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਅੰਗ ੪੧ page 41

    ਹਉ ਪੰਥੁ ਦਸਾਈ ਨਿਤ ਖੜੀ ਕੋਈ ਪ੍ਰਭੁ ਦਸੇ ਤਿਨਿ ਜਾਉ ॥
    I stand by the wayside and ask the Way. If only someone would show me the Way to God-I would go with him.
    ਜਿਨੀ ਮੇਰਾ ਪਿਆਰਾ ਰਾਵਿਆ ਤਿਨ ਪੀਛੈ ਲਾਗਿ ਫਿਰਾਉ ॥
    I follow in the footsteps of those who enjoy the Love of my Beloved....................

    ਆਪੇ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੁ ਆਪਿ ਹਰਿ ਆਪੇ ਮੇਲਿ ਮਿਲਾਇ ॥

    He Himself is the True Guru; He Himself is the Lord. He Himself unites in His Union.


    ਆਪਿ ਦਇਆ ਕਰਿ ਮੇਲਸੀ ਗੁਰ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਪੀਛੈ ਪਾਇ ॥



    In His merci, He unites us with Himself, as we follow the Guru, the True Guru.



    ਸਭੁ ਜਗਜੀਵਨੁ ਜਗਿ ਆਪਿ ਹੈ ਨਾਨਕ ਜਲੁ ਜਲਹਿ ਸਮਾਇ ॥੪॥੪॥੬੮॥

    The WHOLE creation is God the Ocean, and the soul like a rain drop falling back to the ocean. Then we can't see who was who. Can not separate. BUT the experience comes with only God's merci and compassion



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  4. Happy Vaisakhi to All around the world.

    Today my parents and I did Paath da bhog(my father read the sehaj Path)and my mother helped me make langar. And we listened to Zafarnamah by 2 different singers: Satinder Sartaj and Dhadi Mehal Singh. I liked the last one, though both efforts to be applauded

    ZAFARNAMAH ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਾਹੑ ظفرنامه - SATINDER SARTAAJ (Persian/Punjabi)-Recorded 1st Time in the History
    815,387 views
    •Apr 12, 2020

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSzFLZwEwF4&feature=emb_logo

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    Replies
    1. WOW!!! No wonder Aurganzeb was moved by the Zafarnama. Listening in the original Persian is so powerful.

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  5. Zafarnama - Fateh Di Chithi | Bhai Mehal Singh Ji & Jatha | Ck Rocks | Gazab Media
    7,800,170 views
    •Dec 25, 2019
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9nAvj08moc

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  6. SSA Manpreet. Some day when you have time. Please think about this issue - Inflammation. It's source of many diseases. Actually according the the Ancient Indian medical system - perhaps a source of ALL diseases. My great grandfather and great grand mother were REALLY healthy people. they had NO surgeries not even Cataract surgery And their brains worked, they took care of themselves even when they were in their late 90s. My great grandfather was died at 100, my grandfather was very healthy too - eat 8 eggs, salt, butter, brown sugar and oats everyday. If he had not gone to India, he would have lived to 100. He had knee surgery at age 93. My father is comparatively healthy but has inflammation issues and my mother has LOT of medical issues - Glaucoma, high bp, a minor stroke, muscle issues, osteoprosis, head aches, ..I can say that her Wheat allergy was diagnosed at a very late stage- when she could hardly digest any food. When the food was changed, her BP shot up even when she has NO blockage of arteries, She has been a vegan all her life and eats very measurably - she is not an over eater. What I am getting to is this Genetic thing called Behcet's disease. I read about it in the New York Times several months ago how a lady had NO artery blockage but she suffered 3 heart attacks UNTIL she found a Right doctor who sent her to a rheumatologist who did a test. I was looking at Corona map From France - Spain -Italy -Iran -to China. The Ancient Silk Road - IS it Possible that People Who carry this gene are More Susceptible to Corona Virus...Look at the map on this link where this disease is found and Where Corona is mostly. New York has a large population from Italy so does Montreal
    Genetic mystery of Behcet's disease unfolds along the ancient Silk Road
    https://www.genome.gov/27552099/2013-release-genetic-mystery-of-behcets-disease-unfolds-along-the-ancient-silk-road

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  7. If you don't time Please ignore. I contacted 2 Behcet's societies: US and UK
    this is what I wrote to them
    I was thinking how Corona virus Could possibly be more devastating to those suffering from inflammatory diseases.

    What I found interesting is the MAP of the Old Silk route where Bechet's disease is most likely to be found and WHERE Corona Virus has had devastating effect.

    France - Spain - Italy - Turkey - Italy -Iran - China = the old Silk route

    Notice that New York and Montreal have large Italian populations
    Genetic mystery of Behcet's disease unfolds along the ancient Silk Road

    https://www.genome.gov/27552099/2013-release-genetic-mystery-of-behcets-disease-unfolds-along-the-ancient-silk-road

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  8. Sometimes I am afraid to share this information since I am NOT a doctor,

    but watching my mother suffer then my father now myself with inflammation I have researched a LOT
    I googled and found this Study about Covid and inflammation - I had hunch how inflammation may make the Pneumonia more severe:

    Interesting study on Inflammation and Covid
    Correlation Analysis Between Disease Severity and Inflammation-related Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia
    Inflammation matters on disease progression. This study analyzed blood inflammation indicators among mild, severe and critical patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients were included and divided to mild, severe or critical groups. Correlation of peripheral blood inflammation-related indicators with disease criticality was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill patients were speculated through the ROC curve

    https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.20025643v1

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    Replies
    1. This is certainly a very interesting area of research and its always good to get information from research studies. I too have thought a LOT about inflammation. Butter, sugar, etc. didn't used to be problematic in India. Of course the lifestyle was different but its interesting to see what a high proportion of punjabi people end up with celiac. for covid: They are saying in UK that those with celiac are immunocompromised, as 30% of them have splenic dysfunction, so the spleen doesnt work normally and no one would know. also 10% have igA deficiency, which is a deficiency in key antibodies. In canada they've said celiacs are not immunocompromised. it seems information is conflicting. personally, i would definitely understand how those with inflammation would be more at risk! blood inflammatory markers will always increase with disease progression, but they are looking at early markers of people who are going to get really sick and it seems like they are high in covid upfront.

      Delete
  9. Stress busters: 13 Virtual Train Rides from Around the world
    https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/bus-train/virtual-train-rides?utm_source=pocket-newtab

    ReplyDelete
  10. Sorry I am posting a lot today. You don't have to show these comments if you don't like
    Women Workers during Corona Pandemic:
    How Millions of Women Became the Most Essential Workers in America

    One in three jobs held by women has been designated as essential.
    https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/us/coronavirus-women-essential-workers.html

    ReplyDelete