This post is about sexual violence in Gurdwaras and it is possible it may be triggering to some readers. I have not gone into details of encounters to avoid this and have left the conversation more generalized.
When you google search Sikh priest/granthi/gyani and sexual abuse or sexual assault there are a lot of results. You can see news articles from Kelowna, Winnipeg, Kitchener, Kent, Derby, Glasgow, Maryland, and more. This is just a tiny representation of the actual number of cases due to the taboo of the topic of sexual violence in our community. We have posted about Intimate Partner Violence in the past, as well as deras, and people guised as “pro-health” speakers and healers taking advantage of others. I wanted to specifically write to address this issue of violence in our Gurdwara Sahibs and from people who are kirtanis or granthis.
I recently saw a talk on Kaur Voices about Sexual abuse in Gurdwaras. This was specifically the case of a 12-year-old girl from Maryland that was sexually abused by a Granthi. Her parents were hosting a Granthi temporarily, who then had the keys to their home and it was long after they realized he had been abusing their daughter during kirtan class. As soon as they found out, they stopped going to the Gurdwara, yet the Granthi continued his duties. The Gurdwara committee continued to cover up for him and blamed their daughter. They filed a police report, and the committee asked them to retract their case. He was subsequently convicted. Even after the conviction he continued to participate in Gurdwara activities and have access to children, forming the Panj Pyare in the Vaisakhi event. The parents are still very raw from these events of 1988. They said no one stood by them. Since they stopped going to the Gurdwara, the committee was free to tell whatever story they wished and rumors started. They were feeling shameful and afraid of ruining their daughter’s reputation by going back to the Gurdwara. It was really brave of them to speak up now.
All too often the victim is made to feel like they are in jail, and the person of power roams free. The person who was abused loses aspects of a normal life due to the known effects of trauma. Sometimes they are left feeling so much self-blame that they are convinced to “protect” the reputation of their abuser, to not get them in trouble, to keep the secret, etc. This family was betrayed by their community who backed up the abuser and spread rumours about their daughter. They lost their friends, their community, their ability to freely matha tek and visit their Guru, without having to face him roaming freely. This is the nature of the topics of honour and shame in Punjabi/Indian culture, which punishes the person who was abused and their family. It is even more challenging for males to come forward about being abused in the Sikh/Punjabi communities. Silencing victims propagates the opportunity for abusers to continue their activity and inhibits the healing of the person who was abused/assaulted. Often times the sangat can make things even worse. I’ve seen situations where members of the sangat are pressuring women to retract their police cases. Sadly, these are often other women/aunties in the community. In the case of this example, the Gurdwara committee put this Granthi in the position to continue to be able to abuse his power. They acted as participants by continuing to support him. The people in Gurdwara committees sometimes play even more active participants in the abuse that goes on in the Gurdwara.
It isn’t just children that are vulnerable to abuse in Gurdwaras. Anyone to be the victim of such abuse- doctors, lawyers, police officers are not immune to being abused. People who prey on others know to pick on people who are vulnerable. Especially because the Punjabi/Sikh community are taught to revere people in positions of respect, there can be a great emphasis based on “this person can do no wrong.” Many female adult survivors of Yogi Bhajan’s abuse mentioned that they respected him as a teacher and thought he was testing them, or teaching them something, and they should unquestionably follow him. This was also reinforced into young teenagers. When there is full trust and faith in authority figures, children grow up into young adults, who grow up into adults who are going to be more trusting as well. People are left reconciling how this person they trusted (and often spent a long time building trust with the family or person) suddenly did this to them. Our community dealt with this when we cleaned up our Gurdwaras and freed Nankana Sahib for example, yet now again we are facing this same issue and instead of addressing it, people are either silently observing as part of the sangat or are simply walking away from Gurdwaras and decentralizing into home programs. The corruption in Gurdwara Committees is well known. People who propagate the violence against others often scare the person into thinking that they shouldn’t share this “secret” for their own good. Sometimes it is a threat, sometimes it is a manipulation. For example women or child victims might be told that they won’t be able to get married if someone finds out about their “past” which was actually a non-consensual abusive relationship perpretrated by someone else. This is further then reinforced by the community as a reason to stay silent. “No one will marry you” or “never talk about this again.” It basically silences the person who experienced this horrid event from being able to talk honestly to a future partner, to have a truthful relationship, from being able to seek counselling and professional help, and to be able to share their story. With vast differences in generations, it also leaves second-generations more vulnerable because what happens is that there is a differing expectation in relationships living in western culture, and what their friends have going on. It can be harder in this environment to recognize what is healthy relationship behaviour or abusive behaviour and makes it easy for someone’s first relationship, marriage, or unwanted encounter to be an abusive one because there is no reference for what’s ok and what’s not. Abusers can figure out what to promise and say to get what they want and then build trust (you're the only one, I'll marry you, promotion of feminist ideals/protecting other women/being the hero, building up their reputation and image so they seem untouchable). Then they become hippocritical but by the time time things start to change, it is hard for an individual to reconcile the image of a person now from who they "know" and trust. The trust and emotional manipulation makes the abused person feel like they are responsible, or at fault, or chose this, reinforced by cultural comments. This leaves people questioning whether they are experiencing abuse, even in the middle of objectively horrible abuse. They wonder whether it's ok or not, rather than trusting their gut instinct and red flags.
It is VERY hard for people to speak about what happened to them. Many times adults think back to their childhood/teens and only then realize something they knew felt wrong but didn’t have the words to say at the time. This is also true of young men and women in our culture in particular as the language to talk about these issues and to label them, or discuss them is not there. Some people (adults and children) have so much self-blame because of the way that they are manipulated that they have a hard time recognizing the abuse, or putting a label to it until they are removed from the situation, or others point it out. It isn’t just about having courage to speak. It is far deeper than that. Trauma is pre-verbal. Traumatic memories don’t just make up a consistent and easy to tell story, they are stored as sights, feelings, smells, tastes, and little snippets. Dr. Bessel Van Der Kolk talks about this in his book, The Body Keeps the Score. People who are triggered or experiencing flashbacks actually have MRIs that show the area of their brain responsible for putting their thoughts/feelings into words is shut off (page 43), similar to a stroke. He describes “Even years later traumatized people often have enormous difficulty telling other people what has happened to them…. This doesn’t mean that people can’t talk about a tragedy that has befallen them. Sooner or later most survivors, like veterans in chapter 1, come up with what many of them call their ‘cover story’ that offers some explanation for their symptoms and behavior for public consumption. These stories, however, rarely capture the inner truth of the experience. It is enormously difficult to organize one’s traumatic experiences into a coherent account- a narrative with a beginning, middle, and an end” (page 43). I think this is especially true for people who have complex trauma, multiple episodes or events, or childhood trauma. There are often “blanks” in the memory that sometimes fill in unexpectedly years later by a retriggering event, or sometimes can never be retrieved. Dr Van Der Kolk also importantly highlighted that when people are reminded and reexperiencing their brain literally is lighting up as if its actively occurring. There is no difference in the mind whether it happened then or is happening now. A person is not going to be acting with their rational mind or in control of their emotions while re-experiencing because those parts of the brain are off, the brain is simply in survival mode trying to survive the event it thinks is happening to it in the present moment (that actually was in the past), and he points out that sometimes people are not even aware they are re-experiencing. They might just look extra emotional, angry, irrational, etc.
I’ve read a few articles on preventing abuse in churches, but this can extend to all faith Institutions. I will share the recommendations here, the sources are listed in references. Their first reminder is that all faith institutions are at risk because people who abuse others are of all ages, gender, sexual orientation, religions, etc. They mentioned churches are particularly at risk because they give easy access to children with no background record checks due to informality, because people are very trusting and don’t think those they know would act like this, and because they assume that offenders look a certain way- all these apply to Gurdwaras as well. We don’t usually imagine offenders being Amritdhari. This is an important point that I brought up in my previous post about intimate partner violence. People who sexually assault others are the people you know. The Kaur movement (changed to Singh/Kaur Movement to be more inclusive) has documented cases from all over the world, and many of them are cases of family members, friends, partners- people who were close and knew the individual. Abusers blend in, they do a good job of winning people over, they could have all kinds of “respectable” jobs and positions and use those positions to gain power over people. The articles talked about not to giving any volunteer work with children unless they’d been associated with the “church” for six months, to screen everyone with reference checks/criminal record checks (remembering 9/10 people who sexually abuse children WON’T have a criminal background), always having at least TWO unrelated adults supervising each space involving children, ensure children are released only to parents/ authorized people, and to train staff to watch for inappropriate/grooming behaviour. The other suggestions were to teach children what is appropriate and what isn’t, and to speak up/that they won’t get in trouble for speaking up. Those words cannot be empty, there must be actually support for victims of abuse, including not blaming them and making sure they are believed. That could include having resources for professional counselling for the person who has gone through the abuse, and their family. They encouraged the faith institution to have a strategy in place for dealing with abuse if it does occur, what steps will they take? These steps could include reporting to child protection services or the police. Getting outside agencies involved and not keeping it a secret is important. The sangat also needs to be aware of the abuser in case their child or others were also at risk or exposed. It could mean making sure that the individual who was abusive is removed from their position and goes into therapy. The articles emphasized that an apology is not enough. It is important for us if we see something suspicious to call it out and say it’s not ok and we see it. Some of the other suggestions were to host lectures on gender, relationships and violence, encourage women in leadership positions, accountability systems, train sangat in sexual assault response, notify other gurdwaras not to re-hire this person in activities related to children, and give the survivor choice in their healing to prevent re-traumatization.
Hopefully this post brings some of these issues to light so we can become more aware and think about our role as sangat, as partners, as parents, and as friends. This behaviour is simply unacceptable, and we should do our very best to ensure to help support people who have been through these abusive situations. It is hard to support people who have gone through trauma sometimes. They might be experiencing unusual reactions to situations, but there is a light at the end of the tunnel and the healing journey involves different things for different survivors. Just being present for the process can be hugely beneficial as people seek help.
Are you or someone you know affected? If you don't know where to go, a doctor's office can be a good place to start to get some access to resources and someone to advocate for you. If you are in an emergency, that can be a crisis line or emergency room. The police, counsellors, and social workers can be great advocates as well depending on the circumstance. You aren't alone.
References (some of these are disturbing stories)
The interview is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJ6B95-9hXY
https://thekaurmovement.com
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/predators-in-the-pew-protecting-against-child-abuse-in-your-church/
https://www.brotherhoodmutual.com/resources/safety-library/risk-management-articles/children-and-youth/abuse-prevention/prevent-child-sexual-abuse-in-the-church/
https://twitter.com/KaurAbuseNWork
https://sikhri.org/articles/circles-of-influence-circles-of-abuse
https://www.rainn.org/articles/tips-talking-survivors-sexual-assault
https://www.rainn.org/articles/how-can-i-protect-my-child-sexual-assault
https://www.stopitnow.org/ohc-content/sexual-abuse-prevention-faith-communities
https://www.careleader.org/preventing-child-abuse-church/
https://barficulture.tv/people/731
https://kaurlife.org/2020/10/18/confronting-sexual-assault-in-sikh-spaces/
https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/yogi-bhajan/